| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Baianstovu, Rúna Í, 1961-, et al.
(author)
-
Migration, Honour, Violence and Inequality : Developing Isolation and Mobility as Mechanisms of Honour Related Violence
- 2021
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of the paper is to contribute to the expanding knowledge-base for reducing honour related violence (HRV), that has becomeincreasingly complicated, not to say corrupt, by ongoing neoliberalism and right-wing agendas.HRV is a serious problem with complex roots, causes and sometimes deadly consequences. It is a contested academic and political fieldconstructed through various borders, boundaries, and intersections such as nation, ethnicity, gender, age, sexuality, religion, and migration.The paper examines some of these borders, boundaries, and intersections by analysing the expressions, prevalence, and patterns of HRV in Sweden, a historically social democratic and femocratic welfare state, challenged by increasing social, economic, and political inequalities,and a mainstream discourse describing HRV as a distinctively dangerous form of violence linked to culture, religion, and migrants’ failure to‘assimilate’ to Nordic ideals of gender equality. As such, positionings on HRV have played and continue to play straight into the hands ofnationalist politics, racist agendas, and right-wing assimilationism.In contrast, the paper draws on feminist and intersectional sociological theory, at the interface of honour, integration, migration, to develop theconcepts of isolation and mobility. It is based on a substantial qualitative and quantitative empirical material: focus groups and individual in-depth interviews with people with direct, personal experiences and indirect, professional experiences of HRV (n=259) and three surveysanswered by fifteen-year-olds in Swedish metropolitan areas (n=6002).The paper shows first, how isolation and mobility reinforce or weakenhonour norms and violence, respectively
|
|
| 3. |
- Balkmar, Dag, 1974-, et al.
(author)
-
Disperse violence : gender-based violence and environmental violence
- 2020
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper is part of the session Violence Regimes: Analysing the Multiplicity of Gendered Violence(s). Violence regime is a framework developed for analysing the multiplicity of violence(s) (Hearn et al 2018; Strid et al 2018). The framework concerns direct and indirect violence; across four pillars of comprehensiveness; across macro, meso and micro levels; often with increasing amount of time and space between act and impact; and vary in both manifestation and understanding of violence, extending the continuum of violence (Kelly 1988) across four pillars: Deadly, Damaging, Diffuse and Dispersed violence.Empirically, this paper explores manifestations of violence in the first and fourth pillar of the violence regime framework: deadly and direct forms of violence such as homicide, femicide and suicide; and dispersed manifestations not necessarily understood as violence, usually indirect, sometimes directed towards a group but with a less easily identifiable ‘victim’ or ‘object; manifestations not usually recognized as violence; e.g. environmental destruction. Two different cases will be discussed, 1) automobility and 2) killings of animals for food, both associated with negative impact on the environment. First, we examine the violent, damaging and deadly effects of automobility across country comparisons of the EU28. Second, we examine slow violence (Nixon 2011) and the levels of slaughtering of animals in relation to the levels of homicide, femicide and suicide through cross country comparisons of the EU28. The paper contributes to the violence regime framework analyzing how manifestations of violence not usually understood as violence correlate with the most direct and deadly forms of violence.
|
|
| 4. |
- Balkmar, Dag, 1974-, et al.
(author)
-
Disperse violence : gender-based violence and environmental violence
- 2021
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper is part of the session Violence Regimes: Analysing the Multiplicity of Gendered Violence(s). Violence regime is a framework developed for analysing the multiplicity of violence(s) (Hearn et al 2018; Strid et al 2018).The framework concerns direct and indirect violence; across four pillars of comprehensiveness; across macro, meso and micro levels; often with increasing amount of time and space between act and impact; and vary in both manifestation and understanding of violence, extending the continuum of violence (Kelly 1988) across four pillars: Deadly, Damaging, Diffuse and Dispersed violence. Empirically, this paper explores manifestations of violence in the first and fourth pillar of the violence regime framework: deadly and direct forms of violence such as homicide, femicide and suicide; and dispersed manifestations not necessarily understood as violence, usually indirect, sometimes directed towards a group but with a less easily identifiable ‘victim’ or ‘object; manifestations not usually recognized as violence; e.g. environmental destruction. Two different cases will be discussed, 1) automobility and 2) killings of animals for food, both associated with negative impact on the environment.First, we examine the violent, damaging and deadly effects of automobility across country comparisons of the EU28. Second, we examine slow violence (Nixon 2011) and the levels of slaughtering of animals in relation to the levels of homicide, femicide and suicide through cross country comparisons of the EU28.The paper contributes to the violence regime framework analysing how manifestations of violence not usually understood as violence correlate with the most direct and deadly forms of violence.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Balkmar, Dag, 1974-, et al.
(author)
-
On violence policy and “women friendly” welfare regimes
- 2019
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to critically interrogate the concepts of gender violence regime and violence regime, and how societal welfare state regimes and gender regimes translate, or do not translate, into gender violence regimes or violence regimes. Taking violence as the point of departure, this paper addresses violence as problem with many contested meanings and politics. Welfare state regime research (Esping-Andersen 1990, 1992), including that on gender welfare regimes (e.g. Lewis 1992; Sainsbury 1999), has generated different frames, for understanding the problem of violence. It is argued that some welfare regimes are more women-friendly than others. However, empirical bases for these conclusions often exclude violence; welfare state regime research has thereby overlooked one of the most substantial, deep-rooted causes and consequences of gendered inequalities. The question is, is assumptions of women-friendliness turned upside down when gender-based violence is taken into account?
|
|
| 7. |
- Delaunay, Marine, et al.
(author)
-
Gendered violence regimes : Context, policy and practice in intimate partner violence in France and Sweden
- 2018
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper argues for more complex analyses of welfare state gender regimes by focusing on a key element frequently forgotten in cross-national comparisons: intimate partner violence (IPV) and responses thereto, especially criminal justice system (CJS) responses. We return to the notions of gender regime and welfare regimes, and critically elaborate them through the notion of gendered violence regime, to analyse gendered socio-political and judicial institutions and practices. According to Haney (2004), welfare state regimes, gender regimes and judicial regimes tend to match together in how policies are named, debated and implemented. However, many comparative welfare analyses do not attend to violence; moreover, violence and responses thereto are rooted in institutions and inequality regimes (Walby 2008).Building on earlier work (Hearn, Strid et al. 2016), we use comparative methods to address discursive dynamics and judicial practices in France and Sweden in the light of transformations in gender regimes, illustrative of broader contextualizing and theoretical concerns. First, we review relevant laws and policy, inspired by the Critical Frame Analysis (Verloo 2007), noting differences, similarities and convergences in welfare and judicial systems. Second, we focus on judicial practices in two countries, particularly in CJS treatment of IPV. In Sweden, more explicitly gendered structural policy is accompanied by cases being constructed and treated more individually by professionals with real expertise on domestic violence; while in more corporatist regime France, only very serious cases are so treated, and less individual, more proceduralised assessment of cases by workdays lost is used. CJS procedure impact the construction and definition of the problem, especially regarding how professionals consider the gendering and seriousness of the violence in making a case.Finally, we critically interrogate how useful “regime” typologies are, including in providing avenues for intersectional analyses combining sociological theories of change (Muller 2005) and transformation (Felstiner et al. 1980).
|
|
| 8. |
- Gunnarsson, Lena, 1978-, et al.
(author)
-
Dimensional Theories of Abuse : The case of sugar dating
- 2019
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The presentation adresses what we call Dimensional Theories of Abuse, that set of feminist theories which point out the interlinkages between normative and abusive gender relations. Through concepts such as ‘grey area’, ‘continuum’ and ‘dimensional view’ feminist scholars in the field of violence research have analysed how gendered normalcy and abuse often meet/co-mingle/overlap in ways that obscure the boundary between them. For example, whereas love and violence are commonly seen as radically different experiences, possessiveness may be part as much of a passionate love dynamic as of intimate partner violence. Similarly, it is not always easy to neatly distinguish conventional relationships based on economic dependence from prostitution. Further, as scholars in the field of sexual violence have pointed out, normative heterosexual scripts are organized in line with a gendered logic of conquering which has much in common with the dynamics of sexual violence.In the presentation we compare different ways of conceptualizing gendered abuse in dimensional terms, analysing some tensions among and within different approaches. One key tension revolves around the fact that dimensional thinking affirms the similarities between the normative and the abusive, while at the same time taking their difference as their point of departure. Some theories tend to emphasize the similarities – ‘it’s all abuse but to different degrees’ – whereas some affirm that there is a divide between the abusive and non-abusive but that this divide is more of a murky grey area than a clear line. We identify potentials and problems with both tendencies and suggest ways forward in feminist dimensional thinking.
|
|
| 9. |
- Gunnarsson, Lena, 1978-, et al.
(author)
-
Mapping sugar dating in Sweden
- 2020
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Since the launch of the first sugar dating site in Sweden in 2017, sugar dating has recurred as a hot topic in media and public debate. Although, as this paper will address, the very definition of sugar dating is contested, it is generally comprised of an arrangement between a ‘sugar babe’ and a ‘sugar daddy’ (or sometimes ‘mama’), where dating and/or sex is compensated for by the daddy in the form of money and/or other gifts. The aim of this paper is to map the practices of sugar dating in a Swedish context, answering two broad questions:What are the practices of sugar dating?Who are the sugar daters?The paper is based on qualitative and quantitative data from an ongoing Forte-funded research project on sugar dating. The bulk of the material was gathered in 2019 and consists of three sets of empirical data: semi-structured interviews with sugar babes and sugar daddies; survey data of members of a major sugar dating site; and membership data of registered users of the same sugar dating site.The paper uses a broad definition of sugar dating, reflecting the participants’ own understandings. A striking feature in the material is the wide variety of practices engaged in under the rubric of ‘sugar dating’, including: the straight-forward selling of sex; economically compensated relationships imitating conventional coupledom; fancy, gender-traditional dates paid for by the ‘daddy’ and ending with sex (with or without additional monetary compensation); and economically compensated online relationships with no sexual content. This multiplicity contrasts both with the wide-spread discourse in Swedish public debate that sugar dating is simply a cover for conventional prostitution, and with the sugar dating industry’s – and some sugar dating researchers’ – claims that sugar dating is something other than prostitution.
|
|
| 10. |
- Hearn, Jeff, 1947-, et al.
(author)
-
Losing Violence in Translation : Theorising gender violence regimes
- 2018
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper critically interrogates the concept of gender violence regime, and how welfare state regimes translate, or not, into gender violence regimes. We begin with clarification of concepts and meanings of welfare/gender system/order/regime, explaining why we focus on ‘regime’. Despite the significance of violence, mainstream social sciences and social theory have often either avoided it or underestimated its importance (special issues Current Sociology, 61(2)2013; 64(4)2016 address such changes in theorising). Welfare state regime research (Esping-Andersen), including gender regimes, has generated different frames, reflecting debate on naming and framing the problem. They have often concluded that some welfare regimes are more women-friendly than others. However, empirical bases for these conclusions often exclude violence and anti-violence responses; welfare state regime research has thereby overlooked one of the most substantial, deep-rooted causes and consequences of gendered inequalities.The paper utilises existing survey data to examine how changing welfare state regime typologies, developed by Esping-Andersen and taken further by feminist research, translate or not, into a gender violence typology: when violence is introduced, are previous results still valid? We draw on collective work within major research programmes (EUFP6 “Coordination Action on Human Rights Violations” CAHRV 2004-2007; EUFP6 “Quality in Gender+ Equality Policy in Europe” QUING 2006-2011; Swedish Research Council “Feminist Theorizings of Intersectionality, Transversal Dialogues and New Synergies” 2012-2017), and interpret their findings to theoretically address and develop typologies of welfare state regime and gender violence regime.The paper takes up challenges in taking violence, especially violence against women, seriously by addressing changes in: 1) welfare state structuring; 2) the place of violence in contemporary state regulation, gender relations, and their intersection; and 3) configurations of violence and responses thereto, including criminal justice system responses to violence against women. In sum, the paper critically considers the contribution of the concept of gender violence regime.
|
|
